Friday, 29 August 2014


The Use of Letters in the novel “The Color Purple”
(Anupriya Chatterjee 1313273)

The Color Purple by Alice Walker is an epistolary novel of 1982. The story is set in rural Georgia in the southern United States focusing on the life of black women in the 1930s, addressing the issues related to their extremely low position in the American social culture. It is the story of a young black girl Celie, born into poverty, segregation and misery.
Alice Walker emphasizes the power of communication through the Celie and Nettie's letter writing form or the epistolary form. The letters in this novel are used as a motif, which are recurring structures, contrasts, or literary devices that can help to develop and inform the text’s major themes.
Celie writes letters to God because the man she calls her father, Alphonso, beats her up and rapes her repeatedly. She was warned by her father not to tell anyone about it but God, especially not her mother because, according to him, "It'd kill your mammy." Clearly, the letter Celie writes to God is not a prayer, as we might expect a letter to God to be. We see that Celie is writing letters to God in the same manner as she would write to, or speak to, a close, good, and loving friend. The writing style of the letters is not so melodramatic, despite the sexual violence described in the first letter. The author uses the black folk language in the letters, which is the natural language of this black girl. Hence the language contains a strong sense of naturalness throughout. It is very evident from the use of language that it is the voice of a nearly illiterate fourteen year old girl. Celie uses the words like "titties," "pussy," and "his thing" without any sense of embarrassment, as she writes to her friend God.
 Celie writes letters to God, and Nettie, her sister writes letters to Celie. Both sisters eventually start gaining strength from their letter writing, but they are saved only when they start responding to each other’s letters. The letters that Celie first writes to God, and later to her sister Nettie, symbolize the voice Celie has, through which she is able to express her true desires and the trials and tribulations she experiences in her letters. These are her very personal letters, and it allows her to display any emotion she wants to convey. Although writing letters enables self-expression and confession, it requires an audience who is willing to read them. When Celie never responds to Nettie’s letters, Nettie feels disappointed and isolated because Celie is her only audience.. Only after Nettie returns home to Celie, after her missionary work, an audience is guaranteed to listen, hence she feels fulfilled and freed.  Celie writes to God for she had nobody else to write to. She wrote to her sister because she was angry at God. She asks God why she was being rewarded with sexual violence and such misery for having been a “good girl. She seeks an answer from God and justification for what was happening in her life. There is also a sense of isolation in her life and hence she writes to God, someone whom she trusts. After Celie and Nettie reconnect, Celie is happier in her life, and tends to express joy by writing more. The last letter she writes is to everyone, including God showing that she has forgiven Him, and that her story has gone through a full circle of maturation. Gradually, Celie discovers the power of her own spirit, which helped her freeing herself from her past and reuniting her with her beloved ones.

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